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Our Firm

Our People

Attorneys

Support Staff

Of Counsel Collaboration

Our Practice

Our Locations

Headlines

Careers

What Sets Us Apart

National Coordinating Counsel Program

Diversity

Community Involvement

The Overcomer Foundation

Vista Village

   Search

Our Firm

Our People

Attorneys

Support Staff

Of Counsel Collaboration

Our Practice

Our Locations

Headlines

Careers

What Sets Us Apart

National Coordinating Counsel Program

Diversity

Community Involvement

The Overcomer Foundation

Vista Village

   Search

Amalia Romanowicz

Partner in Charge - Philadelphia

 aromanowicz@perez-morris.com
O | (215) 692-1236
D | (610) 412-4933

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Suite 1050
Philadelphia, PA 19103
   Linkedin
Amalia Romanowicz

Partner in Charge - Philadelphia

aromanowicz@perez-morris.com
O | (215) 692-1236
D | (610) 412-4933

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Suite 1050
Philadelphia, PA 19103
   Linkedin
Practice

Medical Malpractice & Healthcare

Professional Liability

Mediation & Arbitration

Education

Widener University School of Law, Juris Doctor, Moot Court Honor Society, 1992

Northeastern University, B.S. in Pharmacy, Cum Laude, 1983

Admissions

Pennsylvania
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

Amalia Romanowicz, Partner in Charge of our Philadelphia office, is an experienced trial lawyer who focuses on defending clients in the healthcare industry. She has more than three decades of experience in jury trials, mediations, and arbitrations, handling cases involving catastrophic injuries, including birth injury, brain injury and stroke, sepsis, and infections.

Representing clients in Philadelphia and the surrounding suburbs, Amalia has represented hospitals, physicians, nurses, long-term care and assisted living facilities, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacies, and pharmacists. She also represents clients in most major medical sub-specialties, including emergency medicine, surgery, pathology, radiology, oncology, orthopedics, labor and delivery, and gynecology, among others.

Amalia\u2019s extensive experience includes matters involving claims of improper medical screening under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), alleged injuries or death resulting from errors and negligence during the surgical process, and alleged misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose. She has represented pharmacists in cases involving alleged mis-fills, failure-to-identify, and incorrect packaging that involve catastrophic loss and injury.

Prior to her career as an attorney, Amalia was a practicing pharmacist for nearly a decade, working for a hospital and a national retail pharmacy chain. She also managed a major retail pharmacy location overseeing pharmacy and retail operations.

Memberships & Affiliations

Pennsylvania Bar Association

American Society for Pharmacy Law

Awards & Recognition

The Best Lawyers in America\u00ae, Professional Malpractice Law \u2013 Defendants, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The Best Lawyers in America\u00ae, Lawyer of the Year, 2023

Pennsylvania Super Lawyers, 2011-2026

Representative Matters

Secured defense verdict at trial for physician and group in a case where negligent care resulting in a syncopal event, skull fractures, and traumatic brain injury was alleged.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration in case involving allegations of failure to interpret pathology slides leading to alleged delay in diagnosis of gastric cancer and death.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration in alleged failure to properly perform an interscalene block leading to claimed permanent brachial plexus injuries.

Secured defense verdict at trial for surgeon who allegedly failed to properly diagnose a lumbar spine chordoma.

Secured nonsuit at trial in alleged surgical malpositioning case leading to claimed peripheral neuropathy and foot drop.

Secured nonsuit at trial in alleged failure to treat pernicious anemia leading to claimed cognitive and neurologic damages.

Secured defense verdict at trial for hospital and nursing staff in alleged failure to properly assess and timely treat bilateral corneal damage claimed to be from contact lens pseudomonas infection in a trauma patient.

Secured defense verdict at trial for Philadelphia hospital in alleged failure to properly monitor patient following treatment for migraine headaches, allegedly leading to fall and spinal cord injury.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration for emergency medicine physician and physician assistant in alleged failure to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis of the leg.

Secured defense verdict for internal medicine physician after one-day arbitration for alleged failure to properly treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) allegedly leading to death from pulmonary embolism (PE).

Secured defense verdict for hospital at trial in a case involving claims of failure to implement proper interventions for prevention of development of sacral pressure ulcer/deep tissue injury.

Secured defense verdict for ER physician and ER group at trial in a case involving claims under the wrongful death/survival acts of failure to diagnose and treat sepsis.

Secured defense verdict for anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and their employer \u2013 an anesthesiology practice group \u2013 at trial in a case involving claims of perioperative vision loss during spine surgery.

Secured defense verdict after two-day arbitration, involving claims of missed signs of perforation in a pelvic and abdominal CT scan following gynecologic surgery.

Secured defense verdict after one-day arbitration in case involving claims of ischemic injury following urologic surgery.

Secured summary judgment in medical case claiming the application of res ipsa loquitor.

Secured summary judgment for Philadelphia hospital in medical case on sole claim of ostensible agency involving alleged failed cosmetic surgery.

Secured defense verdict for radiologist and radiology group at trial in case involving death from pulmonary embolus following alleged failure to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on vascular ultrasound.

Secured defense verdict at trial for surgeon in Wrongful Death/Survival Acts case involving claims of failure to timely diagnose and treat pancreatitis.

Secured defense verdict after one-day arbitration in case involving claims against family practice physician of failure to properly treat chronic metabolic syndrome leading to blindness.

Secured defense verdict after two-day arbitration for psychiatrist in Wrongful Death/Survival Acts case involving claims of improper discharge following mental health examination.

Secured summary judgment for Philadelphia regional hospital in a case involving claims under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1395dd, as well as a claim for breach of implied contract under Pennsylvania law involving alleged delayed treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Secured defense verdict for retail pharmacy in an arbitration case involving alleged mis-fill of a prescription diabetes medication.
Secured dismissals and summary judgment for pharmacy that had contracted with a prison to provide services, in case involving inmate claims of failure-to-ll a prescription in timely manner leading to an asthma attack and fall.

Presentations

Runaway Verdicts: An Autopsy of Recent Verdicts \u2013 Can We Level the Playing Field?, Panelist, Philadelphia Area Society for Healthcare Risk Management (PASHRM) Annual Meeting, June 12, 2026

Pressure Injuries and Skin Documentation: A Legal Perspective, Co-Presenter, Thomas Jeerson University Hospital Grand Rounds, December 7, 2022

Preserving Privilege in a Hostile Litigation Environment Post-Ungurian, Co-Presenter, Post & Schell Webinarm May 28, 2020

COVID-19 and Telehealth: Guidance for Healthcare Providers, Women of Post & Schell Webinar, May 7, 2020

Maximizing Outcomes of Personal Injury Cases, Pennsylvania Bar Institutes (PBI) CLE Seminar, July 17, 2019

Medical Peer Review Protection in Pennsylvania Post-Reginelli, Co-Presenter, Post & Schell CLE Seminar, June 13, 2018

Numerous presentations on medical records and documentation at nursing and physician grand rounds at Philadelphia suburban hospitals

Presenter/educational in-service program wound care issues and documentation for suburban assisted living and long-term care facility, August 2014

Presenter/guest speaker regarding legal issues in wound care cases, October 2012

Lawsuits Against Healthcare Providers, Annual RRG Risk Management Symposium, April 2012

Mock Trial, The Pennsylvania Association of Nurse Anesthetists Annual Meeting, Hershey, PA, April 2007 & May 2012

Mock Trial on Nursing Documentation, presented to the nursing staff of a local suburban hospital, November 2011

Health Care Risk Management and Patient Safety Certificate Program, Division of Professional and Continuing Studies, University of Delaware, July 2010

Trial of a Medical Malpractice Case, Pennsylvania Bar Institute (PBI), December 2009

Publications

Implications of the Medical Marijuana Law for Health Care Providers, Co-Author, The Legal Intelligencer\u2019s Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, and Health Care Supplement, October 11, 2016

Arbitrating a Medical Malpractice Case in Pa., The Legal Intelligencer/Alternative Dispute Resolution Supplement, January 20, 2015

Board Positions & Community Service

Mission Kids Child Advocacy Center, Board of Directors, 2015-present

Practice

Medical Malpractice & Healthcare

Professional Liability

Mediation & Arbitration

Education

Widener University School of Law, Juris Doctor, Moot Court Honor Society, 1992

Northeastern University, B.S. in Pharmacy, Cum Laude, 1983

Admissions

Pennsylvania
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

Amalia Romanowicz, Partner in Charge of our Philadelphia office, is an experienced trial lawyer who focuses on defending clients in the healthcare industry. She has more than three decades of experience in jury trials, mediations, and arbitrations, handling cases involving catastrophic injuries, including birth injury, brain injury and stroke, sepsis, and infections.

Representing clients in Philadelphia and the surrounding suburbs, Amalia has represented hospitals, physicians, nurses, long-term care and assisted living facilities, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacies, and pharmacists. She also represents clients in most major medical sub-specialties, including emergency medicine, surgery, pathology, radiology, oncology, orthopedics, labor and delivery, and gynecology, among others.

Amalia\u2019s extensive experience includes matters involving claims of improper medical screening under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), alleged injuries or death resulting from errors and negligence during the surgical process, and alleged misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose. She has represented pharmacists in cases involving alleged mis-fills, failure-to-identify, and incorrect packaging that involve catastrophic loss and injury.

Prior to her career as an attorney, Amalia was a practicing pharmacist for nearly a decade, working for a hospital and a national retail pharmacy chain. She also managed a major retail pharmacy location overseeing pharmacy and retail operations.

Memberships & Affiliations

Pennsylvania Bar Association

American Society for Pharmacy Law

Awards & Recognition

The Best Lawyers in America\u00ae, Professional Malpractice Law \u2013 Defendants, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The Best Lawyers in America\u00ae, Lawyer of the Year, 2023

Pennsylvania Super Lawyers, 2011-2026

Representative Matters

Secured defense verdict at trial for physician and group in a case where negligent care resulting in a syncopal event, skull fractures, and traumatic brain injury was alleged.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration in case involving allegations of failure to interpret pathology slides leading to alleged delay in diagnosis of gastric cancer and death.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration in alleged failure to properly perform an interscalene block leading to claimed permanent brachial plexus injuries.

Secured defense verdict at trial for surgeon who allegedly failed to properly diagnose a lumbar spine chordoma.

Secured nonsuit at trial in alleged surgical malpositioning case leading to claimed peripheral neuropathy and foot drop.

Secured nonsuit at trial in alleged failure to treat pernicious anemia leading to claimed cognitive and neurologic damages.

Secured defense verdict at trial for hospital and nursing staff in alleged failure to properly assess and timely treat bilateral corneal damage claimed to be from contact lens pseudomonas infection in a trauma patient.

Secured defense verdict at trial for Philadelphia hospital in alleged failure to properly monitor patient following treatment for migraine headaches, allegedly leading to fall and spinal cord injury.

Secured defense verdict at arbitration for emergency medicine physician and physician assistant in alleged failure to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis of the leg.

Secured defense verdict for internal medicine physician after one-day arbitration for alleged failure to properly treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) allegedly leading to death from pulmonary embolism (PE).

Secured defense verdict for hospital at trial in a case involving claims of failure to implement proper interventions for prevention of development of sacral pressure ulcer/deep tissue injury.

Secured defense verdict for ER physician and ER group at trial in a case involving claims under the wrongful death/survival acts of failure to diagnose and treat sepsis.

Secured defense verdict for anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and their employer \u2013 an anesthesiology practice group \u2013 at trial in a case involving claims of perioperative vision loss during spine surgery.

Secured defense verdict after two-day arbitration, involving claims of missed signs of perforation in a pelvic and abdominal CT scan following gynecologic surgery.

Secured defense verdict after one-day arbitration in case involving claims of ischemic injury following urologic surgery.

Secured summary judgment in medical case claiming the application of res ipsa loquitor.

Secured summary judgment for Philadelphia hospital in medical case on sole claim of ostensible agency involving alleged failed cosmetic surgery.

Secured defense verdict for radiologist and radiology group at trial in case involving death from pulmonary embolus following alleged failure to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on vascular ultrasound.

Secured defense verdict at trial for surgeon in Wrongful Death/Survival Acts case involving claims of failure to timely diagnose and treat pancreatitis.

Secured defense verdict after one-day arbitration in case involving claims against family practice physician of failure to properly treat chronic metabolic syndrome leading to blindness.

Secured defense verdict after two-day arbitration for psychiatrist in Wrongful Death/Survival Acts case involving claims of improper discharge following mental health examination.

Secured summary judgment for Philadelphia regional hospital in a case involving claims under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1395dd, as well as a claim for breach of implied contract under Pennsylvania law involving alleged delayed treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Secured defense verdict for retail pharmacy in an arbitration case involving alleged mis-fill of a prescription diabetes medication.
Secured dismissals and summary judgment for pharmacy that had contracted with a prison to provide services, in case involving inmate claims of failure-to-ll a prescription in timely manner leading to an asthma attack and fall.

Presentations

Runaway Verdicts: An Autopsy of Recent Verdicts \u2013 Can We Level the Playing Field?, Panelist, Philadelphia Area Society for Healthcare Risk Management (PASHRM) Annual Meeting, June 12, 2026

Pressure Injuries and Skin Documentation: A Legal Perspective, Co-Presenter, Thomas Jeerson University Hospital Grand Rounds, December 7, 2022

Preserving Privilege in a Hostile Litigation Environment Post-Ungurian, Co-Presenter, Post & Schell Webinarm May 28, 2020

COVID-19 and Telehealth: Guidance for Healthcare Providers, Women of Post & Schell Webinar, May 7, 2020

Maximizing Outcomes of Personal Injury Cases, Pennsylvania Bar Institutes (PBI) CLE Seminar, July 17, 2019

Medical Peer Review Protection in Pennsylvania Post-Reginelli, Co-Presenter, Post & Schell CLE Seminar, June 13, 2018

Numerous presentations on medical records and documentation at nursing and physician grand rounds at Philadelphia suburban hospitals

Presenter/educational in-service program wound care issues and documentation for suburban assisted living and long-term care facility, August 2014

Presenter/guest speaker regarding legal issues in wound care cases, October 2012

Lawsuits Against Healthcare Providers, Annual RRG Risk Management Symposium, April 2012

Mock Trial, The Pennsylvania Association of Nurse Anesthetists Annual Meeting, Hershey, PA, April 2007 & May 2012

Mock Trial on Nursing Documentation, presented to the nursing staff of a local suburban hospital, November 2011

Health Care Risk Management and Patient Safety Certificate Program, Division of Professional and Continuing Studies, University of Delaware, July 2010

Trial of a Medical Malpractice Case, Pennsylvania Bar Institute (PBI), December 2009

Publications

Implications of the Medical Marijuana Law for Health Care Providers, Co-Author, The Legal Intelligencer\u2019s Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, and Health Care Supplement, October 11, 2016

Arbitrating a Medical Malpractice Case in Pa., The Legal Intelligencer/Alternative Dispute Resolution Supplement, January 20, 2015

Board Positions & Community Service

Mission Kids Child Advocacy Center, Board of Directors, 2015-present

Amalia's

Headlines

  Andrea Kusselson Joins Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Team
  July 5, 2026

  Three Perez Morris Attorneys named to 2026 Pennsylvania Super Lawyers and Rising Stars
  May 26, 2026

  Amalia Romanowicz featured in Philadelphia Business Journal\u2019s People on the Move
  May 6, 2026

  Perez Morris Welcomes Amalia Romanowicz as Partner in Charge of Philadelphia Office
  March 4, 2026

Office Locations

Columbus, OH
445 Hutchinson Ave.
Suite 600
Columbus, Ohio 43235
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Cleveland, OH
1300 East Ninth Street
Suite 1600
Cleveland, OH 44114
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Toledo, OH
701 Jefferson Ave.
3rd Floor
Toledo, OH 43604
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Philadelphia, PA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Suite 1050
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope     Facebook-f     Linkedin-in     X-twitter   <search><form> Search Search </form> </search>
Market Presence

Boston, MA
101 Arch St.
8th Floor
Boston, MA 02110
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Hartford, CT
100 Pearl Street
14th Floor Office 1459
Hartford, CT 06103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
New York, NY
140 Broadway
46th Floor
New York, NY 10005
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Pittsburgh, PA
301 Grant St.
Suite 270
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Princeton, NJ
103 Carnegie Center
Suite 300
Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope      Facebook-f     Linkedin-in     X-twitter   <search><form> Search Search </form> </search>
Office Locations

Columbus, OH
445 Hutchinson Ave.
Suite 600
Columbus, Ohio 43235
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Cleveland, OH
1300 East Ninth Street
Suite 1600
Cleveland, OH 44114
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Toledo, OH
701 Jefferson Ave.
3rd Floor
Toledo, OH 43604
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Philadelphia, PA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Suite 1050
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Market Presence

Boston, MA
101 Arch St.
8th Floor
Boston, MA 02110
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Hartford, CT
100 Pearl Street
14th Floor Office 1459
Hartford, CT 06103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
New York, NY
140 Broadway
46th Floor
New York, NY 10005
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Pittsburgh, PA
301 Grant St.
Suite 270
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Princeton, NJ
103 Carnegie Center
Suite 300
Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope      Facebook-f     Linkedin-in     X-twitter   <search><form> Search Search </form> </search>
Office Locations

Columbus, OH
445 Hutchinson Ave.
Suite 600
Columbus, Ohio 43235
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Cleveland, OH
1300 East Ninth Street
Suite 1600
Cleveland, OH 44114
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Toledo, OH
701 Jefferson Ave.
3rd Floor
Toledo, OH 43604
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Philadelphia, PA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Suite 1050
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope     Envelope
Market Presence

Boston, MA
101 Arch St.
8th Floor
Boston, MA 02110
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Hartford, CT
100 Pearl Street
14th Floor Office 1459
Hartford, CT 06103
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
New York, NY
140 Broadway
46th Floor
New York, NY 10005
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Pittsburgh, PA
301 Grant St.
Suite 270
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
Princeton, NJ
103 Carnegie Center
Suite 300
Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: (855) 580-7530
   Envelope
\u00a92026 Perez Morris | All rights reserved

Accessibility | Blog | Terms | Privacy Policy | Site Map
     Scroll to Top \n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized. Title's are often listed independently near the top of the attorney's profile, but if not there, pull from elsewhere, including the biography text. The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array. Do not include prior locations that may be mentioned as where the attorney may have worked in the past.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array only',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}


[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"\n\t\t <picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</picture> \n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tPeter\n\t\t\t\tB.\n\t\t\t\tBarlow\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Partner \n\t\t\t Head of the Global Transport Practice \n\t

Austin

New York

T. 212-907-9714

F. 212-907-9814

pbarlow@sgrlaw.com
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\n\t\t\t\t

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Legal Assistant: Jean Harris | 404-815-3504
 \n\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</picture>\n\n\t\t\t\t\tPeter\n\t\t\t\t\tB.\n\t\t\t\t\tBarlow\n\n\t\t\t\t pbarlow@sgrlaw.com \n\t\t\t\t 212-907-9714 \n\n
About Pete

Peter B. Barlow\u2019s practice concentrates in the areas of aircraft finance, commercial and corporate aircraft acquisitions and leasing, airline representation, aviation law, and general corporate representation. Pete manages SGR\u2019s Austin, Texas office.
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Pete has represented U.S. and Ireland based aircraft leasing companies in aircraft and engine lease transactions, purchase and lease back transactions, and purchase and novation transactions in the U.S., Europe, Asia, and South America. He has also represented numerous U.S. and foreign commercial airlines and private equity funds in complex aircraft and engine financing and acquisition transactions including Predelivery Payment (PDP) financings, EETC offerings, export credit agency financings, and other asset backed financings and with respect to new fleet acquisitions from Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier, and Embraer and new aircraft purchases from Gulfstream as well as numerous used aircraft purchase, sale, and financing transactions involving commercial and corporate jet and turboprop aircraft. Pete has represented airlines in numerous restructurings both inside and outside of bankruptcy and lead the Chapter 11 liquidation of Skybus Airlines as its in-house General Counsel. He began his legal career in the Firm\u2019s Financial Institutions Practice doing mergers and acquisitions transactions, including numerous stock and asset purchase transactions in the mortgage banking industry, \u201833 Act public offerings, \u201834 Act compliance work, private placements and general corporate work, as well as Part 135 operators in connection with corporate jet timeshare and fractional ownership programs. Pete previously served as General Counsel for Skybus Airlines, where he managed the airline\u2019s legal functions, including operations procurement, financing, and restructuring.
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A member of the American Bar Association, Pete served as Chairman of the ABA\u2019s Aircraft Finance Subcommittee from August 2009 to August 2012, having previously served as Vice Chairman of the committee from August 2006 to July 2009. He has been recognized as one of the world\u2019s leading aviation lawyers being named to the Who\u2019s Who Legal: Transport 2012-2019, and has also been recognized as one of the world\u2019s leading international business lawyers being named to the International Who\u2019s Who of Business Lawyers 2012. Pete has also been recognized as one of the top US aviation lawyers by Euromoney, most recently in Euromoney\u2019s 2018 Expert Guides (Aviation) and has been ranked by Chambers USA in 2016, 2017, 2021, 2022, and 2023 for aviation (nationwide).
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Pete received his undergraduate degree in International Business from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin in 1991, where he was a member of the Silver Spurs Honorary Service Organization (1989-1991). He received his J.D. degree from Emory University School of Law in 1995. During law school, he was a Dean\u2019s Fellow (1994-1995), a member of the Bankruptcy Developments Law Journal (1993-1995), Notes and Comments Editor of the Bankruptcy Developments Law Journal (1994-1995), and the elected representative of his law school class to the Student Bar Association (1993-1995).
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Other Endeavors:
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Pete is a co-founder of Silvercar, Inc. (www.silvercar.com), a technology leveraged rental car company that operates an all-Audi fleet. Silvercar began operations in 2012 and grew to 17 locations in the United States before being sold to Audi in July 2017. At the time of its acquisition, Silvercar was the largest buyer of Audi vehicles in North America.
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Pete's Practice
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Global Transport
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Banking / Financial Institutions
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Corporate Law
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Equipment Leasing
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Aviation Litigation
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\n\n\t\t\t\t\tRecognitionsCredentialsOrganizational InvolvementSGR News & Perspectives \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Recognitions
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Chambers USA, Transportation: Aviation: Finance, Nationwide (2016, 2017, 2021-2026)
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Who's Who Legal: Transport (2012-2019)
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Team Member, Airfinance Journal, \"Latin America Deal of the Year\" Award (2019)
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Credentials
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Education

J.D., Emory University
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B.B.A., University of Texas at Austin

Admissions

Georgia
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New York
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Texas

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Organizational Involvement
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Professional

American Bar Association
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SGR News & Perspectives
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 Press Release Smith, Gambrell & Russell, LLP\u2019s Global Transport Group Receives Increased Nationwide Ranking in Chambers USA 2025 Guide
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 Press Release 42 Smith, Gambrell & Russell, LLP Attorneys and 20 Practice Areas Recognized by Chambers USA 2025
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 Press Release Smith Gambrell Russell Global Transport Practice Partners Named to Lexology Index (formerly Who\u2019s Who Legal): Transport 2024
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 Press Release SGR\u2019s Global Transport Group Receives Nationwide Ranking in Chambers USA 2024 Guide
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 Press Release 42 SGR Attorneys and 19 SGR Practice Areas Recognized by Chambers USA 2024
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 Press Release Smith Gambrell Russell\u2019s Mark Turnbull Named Recommended Advisor by Spear\u2019s Legal Index 2024
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 Press Release Smith Gambrell Russell\u2019s Global Transport Practice and Partners Recognized Among the Best by Chambers UK and The Legal 500 UK for 2024
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 Press Release Chambers USA Guide 2023 Recognizes 44 SGR Attorneys and 18 SGR Practice Areas Among the Best in the Country
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 Press Release Smith Gambrell Russell and Freeborn & Peters Complete Combination to Create Global Am Law 150 Firm
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 Press Release Chambers USA Guide 2022 Recognizes 32 SGR Attorneys and 11 SGR Practice Areas Among the Best in the Country
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 Press Release Smith Gambrell Russell Client Transactions Awarded as Airfinance Journal Deals of the Year for 2021
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 Press Release Smith, Gambrell & Russell Global Transport Practice Partners Named to Who\u2019s Who Legal: Transport 2021
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 Press Release Chambers USA Guide 2021 Recognizes SGR Attorneys and Practice Areas Among the Best
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 Press Release Smith, Gambrell & Russell Client Avianca Awarded 2019 Latin America Deal of the Year in Airfinance Journal\u2019s Global Awards
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 Press Release Smith, Gambrell & Russell Represents South American Airline Avianca in Substantial Financing Deal for 11 Aircraft with SMBC Aviation Capital
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 Press Release Smith, Gambrell & Russell Announces Former Aviation Partner Steven Rossum as New CEO of Silver Airways
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 Press Release Chambers USA 2017 Recognizes SGR Attorneys and Practice Areas Among Best in the Country
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 Press Release Chambers USA 2016 Recognizes SGR Attorneys and Practice Areas Among Best in the Country
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 Legal Alert Aviation Alert: Smith, Gambrell & Russell Client Transactions Awarded Airfinance Journal Deals of the Year
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 Legal Alert Aviation Alert: FAA to Permit Use of True \"Digital\" Signatures on Filed Documents Starting April 1
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<button>View MoreView Less</button>\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized. Title's are often listed independently near the top of the attorney's profile, but if not there, pull from elsewhere, including the biography text. The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array. Do not include prior locations that may be mentioned as where the attorney may have worked in the past.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array only',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}